Health Economics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Health Economics - Assignment Example This paper illustrates that since 1929 the number of physicians has rapidly increased as compared to ancillary health workers. This is because of the magnitude to which macroeconomic trends, GDP, and personal income, influence physicians utilization according to the study carried by et al, 2003. As from this year, the GDP and personal income have been shown to increase thereby increasing the utilization of physicians. As more technological advances become of the medicine the demand for less skilled workers will reduce since technology have been shown to do more of the work. Intuitively, the number of skilled workers will grow faster because their labor is needed in supporting technological advancement. The researcher states that just like any goods and services, the value of knee brace is determined by the market forces, that is demand and supply. When the demand is high and supply is low, the value is likely to increase in the market. The paper tells that the operation is a medical service already offered and therefore would require compensation in form of $7,000. This puts the patient in a better place since he or she has received a service which was really needed and at the same point has paid for it. Research and development: This factor affects the US expenditure in health since the innovation of new medicines is essential and needs to be funded. This also affects the increase in demand

Venetian Renaissance (Venice) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Venetian Renaissance (Venice) - Essay Example However, the Venetians differed from the artists of the High Renaissance in the ways that they approached their subjects. Venice exists at the eastern edge of the Italian border, forcing it to remain more open to alternative points of view, such as the concepts of eastern religions and cultures. This made them less controlled by the dictates and prejudices of the Roman church and thus more open to exploration of expression. They were experimenting not only with how to depict realistic-seeming images, but were more intrigued with discovering deep emotional content in their depictions. The Venetians were also more open to artistic nudity, remaining focused on realistic rather than idealized figures. While the basic techniques used in Venice and the rest of Italy were largely the same, the Venetian artists also had the benefit of the unique light of their climate. In working to capture this soft light, the Venetians such as Titian became famous for their delicate reflected

Martin Luther King as a Leader Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Martin Luther King as a Leader - Essay Example It was through bold and inspirational speeches that King established a reputation as a great orator. However, this also painted him a radical and subject to federal surveillance for the rest of his life. In addition, King is recognized for his phlegmatic way of approaching crisis as he advocated for the rights of all. Martin Luther King Jr represented the African-American community, but in essence, this translates to all minority communities who lived an oppressed life. This oppression came about following colonization and the slave trade where the rights of those perceived to a weak community were subjected to a wide range of discrimination. Segregation and discrimination with regard to race, gender and education were outlawed following advocacy for civil rights. This marks a critical step towards generating independence among communities. This clearly illustrates that even as King fought for the rights of African-Americans, the benefits would be felt across different communities both regionally and nationally. King mounted a challenge to oppression by defying the status quo, which eventually got support from other members of the community other than African-Americans. However, there still exist a wide disparity based on ethnicity, race, religion and gender in modern America. This creates the need for more activism and effective leadership to bridge the gap, eliminating existing disparities. In order to take up leadership and advocate for change, one must consider every possible angle relevant to the vision he has. This way, his vision should illustrates the benefits of the intended changes and how best to effect it. In this regard, one should develop a vision in which he firmly believes in before making it a mission. Consequently, a leader seeking to transform the beliefs held by many must establish a vivid vision of

There is nothing wrong with being ignorant as long as you are contented Essay Example for Free

There is nothing wrong with being ignorant as long as you are contented Essay b) â€Å"There is nothing wrong with being ignorant as long as you are contented† Dicuss. This discussion topic is one that is regulary debated by philosophers and people in general. Surely if we asked ourself the question – if we can live in peace and happiness why should it matter if we live in ignorance or not? Surely we would just be jepodising our happiness for the â€Å"real† truth? Then again some may argue that how can we know what happiness really is if we are actually living in ignorance, because that happiness were feeling wouldnt actually be real. Platos stand on this evident; he believes that by living in ignorance you are living far from the truth. As a philosopher Plato argues that you should always question the world that you live in, whether you are contented or not. His attitude was simple: how can you be content with something thats not possibly real? His famous teaching was the analogy of the cave. In this he taught others that there was once a cave, and in that cave lived a group of prisoners who had lived there all their lives. One day one of the prioners decided to break free and walk along the path of unknown, towards the sunlight. Plato continued this story of saying that the prisoner was finally â€Å"englightened† by the real truth, and then returned to tell his fellow prisoners of what he had learnt. This evidently shows us that Plato did in fact agree with breaking free of ignorance, as it is the whole meaning of the analogy of the cave. Plato also believed that we as humans are ignorant, in the sense that we believe the real world is the Empirical world, and that no other worlds exist. Which Plato thought was complete and utter nonsense, because there is the world of forms: the Metaphyical world. If humans didnt believe that the Metaphysical world was not the world where all perfect forms lie, then we are all in fact ignorant. Plato b melieved that we all need to open our minds to all the possibilties and not be blinded by our ignorance. We also know, due to Platos theories, that in the question where it says, â€Å"there is nothing wrong with being ignorant,† we know for a fact that Plato would disagree with this. Stating that there is nothing wrong with something, from the Empirical world, was absurd in his eyes, unless in was in the Metaphysical world where everything is in its perfect form. However, some philosophers such as Aritotle (student of Plato), believed that the Empirical world was all that there was so therefore there is no ignorance to live in because the Empirical world is the world that exists. So in a way we can say that Aristotle would agree with this statment because his attitude is that we dont live in ignorance we live in this world, and this world alone. However some may also say, Aristotle is still a philosopher, he still questions this world. So for example, if he did think that we were living in ignorance, would Aristotle say that we should be content with that or should we question what content was? If we looked at another philosopher, Hereclitus, we can see how some of her ideas and theories may actually link to an idea that would agree with this statement. Heraclitus once said â€Å"reality is unstable†, surely if reality is unstable then ignorance must be bliss? Heraclitus also said that â€Å"you can never step in the same river twice†, teaching people that reality is ever-changing and is constantly in the process of change, therefore things go out of existance. Then surely, if Heraclitus is right, who would want to live in a reality that is unstable? Wouldnt you just prefer to live in a more stable world even if it was in ignorance? At least then you knew where you stood with the world rather than exprecting the Empirical world to always change. Therefore, this shows us that there was a philosopher that disagreed with Platos words and that ignorance should be aceepted if you are content with a stable world. Although in the film â€Å"The Matrix†, aired in 1999, it has a situation in the film which would apply to this statement. In the film the Morpheus tells the main characters Neo and Cypher that they have a decision to make. Do they take the blue pill which allows them to remain in the city where they live and live in blissful ignorance, or do they take the red pill, which would lead them to escape the city and to go into the â€Å"real† world, where they would embrace the sometimes painful truth of reality? The characters choose the red pill. They risk their happy life to understand the real truth. However, we soon see that they start to regret their choice. They wish they had taken the blue pill, even if it was living in ignorance. So even though at first it shows the characters disagreeing with the statement and that all humans, when faced with the decision of knowing the truth, they accept. It turns out that ignorance won in the end. It shows that though humans do like to know the truth, the majority of us are content with our lives and would rather live day by day and see where it takes us, rather than constantly questioning what is content? What is living in ignorance? Another example that we can discuss this statement on is: animals in captivity. Animals that are born in captivity are more likely to live longer than animals living in the wild. There a vets at the ready incase one of the animals get hurt and there are no fearful preditors about. The animals are completely safe. However, some argue that an animals natural habitat is the wild and that is where they should be living. Not in a confined cage. Many say that animals get stressed and its completely un fair for them to be living under the influence of humans. But surely, if the animal was born into capivity, they wouldnt know any different? No animal would know that their natural climate was maybe in the south of Africa (essentially the wild.) Really were saying should they be living in ignorance, where they are safe to bring up their young and can live a long, good life? Or.. are we saying that reality is better? Where animals could get hunted down before they even grow to be an adult? How are the animals supposed to know whether theyre living in ignorance or reality if they dont know any different? Linking this back to the statement, for me i think in this certain situation living in ignorance would be better than living in the harsh realities of the unknown wilderness. To conclude with, I believe that those who wish to live ignorance as long as they are content with it should do so. I can completely understand where they are coming from if they live a happy life. Why would you want to change that when reality may be bleak? Even though Plato said that we are blinded by this Empirical world and that we should widen our knowledge to venture into the Metaphysical world, the â€Å"real world†, my belief is that Plato took his theories a bit too far and that maybe he was questioning a bit too much and should just accept that this world is the only and real world there is. When we hit our head, it hurts. How can this not be the real world? I believe that an ignorant world does not exist, but a ignorant state of mind does. But as long people are content with that then why should it matter? Were not living their lives so it has no influence on us.

Documenting The Depression Essay -- essays research papers

Documenting the Depression: The FSA photographers and Rural Poverty   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Great Depression fell hard in the year of 1935 bringing what seemed to some people the end of the world. But in truth, the Great Depression was nothing near the end of the world, in fact the year of 1935 was not the first year nor was it the last year that many families had suffered and went hungry due to lack of work. Families forced to leave their home. Children going in hunger while their bellies pierced with pain. Mothers trying desperately to keep the family together while holding the brunt of the problems due to the depression. The husbands feeling the guilt for not having a job and thinking that it is his fault. Children scream with lack of food and sheer boredom as the families pack their bags and head towards California in hopes to find work and the start of a new life. This is a painted picture of what one might have saw during the Great Depression. However, we need not imagine what it might have been like. What pictures might have looked like because we already know.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Photography was a technological advance during the nineteenth century and although not many people had cameras, the ones that did, did not miss the opportunity to capture the cruel times of that period. In John Vachon’s picture taken in 1940, he shows an abandoned farmhouse in Ward County, North Dakota. Vachon also takes a picture of the living quarters of a fruit packing home for the workers in Berrien, Michigan in 1940. The small confinements of the house could barely suit one person let alone a whole family. Dorothea Lang, another photographer of that time shots photos of a migrant mother in Nipomo, California in 1936. Her face stern and wrinkled. A look of sadness and concern appears on her tired face while her two children cling on to her shoulder. She also took a picture of a Mexican migrant workers home in Imperial Valley, California in 1937. His home is merely anymore than a small bedroom. A shack made out of cardboard and what appears to be aluminu m. Once again, hardly set for one person let alone a family. These conditions were not anything unusual. Unfortunately, those were the times during the Great Depression and the photographers could not have captured them any better.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Great Depression ended because of... ..., North Carolina in 1939. That picture was taken by Marion Post Wolcott and it shows the owner neatly pressed wearing a black suit and hat smoking a cigar. Arthur Rothstein took another picture in 1940 that one also depicts an owner of a mule dealer in Creedmoor, North Carolina neatly pressed in a black suit only smoking a cigarette as opposed to a cigar. Those were the people who didn’t care that people were suffering, they didn’t care if they had no home and most of all, they didn’t care if children went hungry. They were in it for they money. So when I look at those pictures and think what the American middle class worker at that time would think, I hatefully have to say that they would not care one way or another. You win some, you lose some.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Great Depression was a tragic era in history. To sum up the feelings and hard times that people had suffered through would be nearly impossible. But like I stated in the previous pages, the pictures tell no lies. The pictures cannot erase the expression on people’s faces or the appearance that portray. The evidence is in the pictures, it always has been and it will remain to do so until the end of time.

Crown Corporations – Lcbo

Which Canadian Crown Corporation should be privatized? Crown Corporations are government-owned entities (Stastna, Kazi. ). An example includes the Liquor Control Board of Ontario (LCBO). LCBO stores are the only stores, in Ontario, allowed to distribute liquor and other distilled beverages; therefore, LCBO is a monopoly (â€Å"Beverage Alcohol Service Review: A Matter of Balance†). The main purpose of this regulation is to limit the consumption of such products in Ontario – for better health (â€Å"Beverage Alcohol Service Review: A Matter of Balance†). However, the government ownership of LCBO may not be ideal.The corporation should be privatized because its products do not benefit everyone in Ontario, and because privatization may be better for the economy. Firstly, LCBO distributes distilled spirits which not everyone living in Ontario may be fond of. As the corporation is government owned, any losses will have to be accounted for by the government. For this, the government will have to use taxpayers’ money. LCBO’s products are not public goods. Not every taxpayer will benefit from the existence of LCBO, so it would be unfair to use taxpayers’ money in case of any losses.Furthermore, liquor is a private good. According to John Kenneth Galbraith’s theory on public purpose, â€Å"poverty is due to social imbalance that results in a lack of public goods. † (Dunn, Stephen P. and Steven Pressman) Also, LCBO’s products undergo a great deal of advertising. As a result, their products may be considered â€Å"artificial wants† – goods that people do not necessarily need (Snm090). With this in mind, the government should focus more on public goods, and less on private goods. Secondly, the privatization of LCBO would benefit the economy. LCBO, being a monopoly, faces zero competition.Hence, the corporation will not feel the need for innovation. If the liquor industry was privatized and legal b arriers to entry were abolished, the industry could expect the arrival of new companies. The industry will no longer be a monopoly and competition will exist. This competition would lead to innovation. Moreover, the privatization of LCBO would still benefit the government. According to the â€Å"LCBO Annual Report 2010–11†, net sales and other incomes reached $4. 7 billion in 2011. There’s no doubt, then, that the government could sell the corporation for billions.Although this is a one-time profit, the government could still continue to make profits by imposing heavy taxes on the sale of distilled spirits. Since such beverages are habitual goods, their price elasticity of demand would be inelastic. This means that as price increases, the total revenue would also increase. The government would find themselves profitable if they were to impose taxes. To conclude, LCBO’s government ownership may not be a wise idea. The Crown Corporation should be privatized as it produces goods that do not benefit the entire population of Ontario, and as privatisation could benefit the economy.Works Cited â€Å"Beverage Alcohol Service Review: A Matter of Balance. † ApolNet. n. p. , June 2005. Web. April 13, 2013. Dunn, Stephen P. and Steven Pressman. â€Å"The Economic Contributions of John Kenneth Galbraith. † Bib. n. p. , April 2005. Web. April 12, 2013. â€Å"LCBO Annual Report 2010–11. † LCBO. LCBO, n. d. Web. April 12, 2013. Snm090. â€Å"Does Advertising Create Artificial Wants? † Papercamp. n. p. , November 11, 2012. Web. April 13, 2013. Stastna, Kazi. â€Å"What are Crown corporations and why do they exist? † CBC. CBC, April 1, 2012. Web. April 12, 2013.

Crime and Interview Essay

In addition, the culture of the company may also be one of the most decisive factors in the choice of the employers. For this reason, during the interview the above knowledge may as well help employees to attract the interviewers. Secondly, practicing before going to the interview is very important. After having well understood almost everything about the company, employers should practice some typical questions with a friends. They can interview each other to have a good reaction to some unexpected questions that might be raised during the talks. Moreover, they can also use a mirror or tape recorder to practice themselves. After finishing this step, employees will talk fluently so that they can have high appreciation from the interviewers. Last but not least, the employees should check everything again carefully on the day before the interview. The white, pale blue or pale yellows are the best shirts for an interview. Besides, they must have polished dress shoes. Everyone who wants to wear a suit, it must be conservative and below knee-length. A good-looking appearance will have a good first impression on the interviewers. In addition, they must check the traffic routes to make sure the timetable, practice again and get a good night sleep. They should relax and keep calm as it is very necessary. In conclusion, if people want to get a good position in a big company, they should follow the three above works, as these are the most effective and important in the preparation for an interview. These will help them to be more confident and have bigger opportunity to apply for their favorite job. Nguyen Thi Le Thuy – Writing Experience 3 Having a good interview is a stepping stone of having a good job. However, there are some methods that would be hardly known by people. This essay above pointed three important works you should prepare before going to an interview. Easily to be seen that the topic of the essay is how to have a good interview for a job. The writer wrote this essay in the form of an example essay. In this example essay, the writer’s main idea is three main works people should do before the interview. The introduction begins with the first paragraph that has a strong thesis statement â€Å"It is necessary for people to know the preparation for the interview including three main works†. There are three main supporting ideas. The first point is research the company. With this point, she demonstrated by an example. The second is practice before going to the interview. In this advice, the writer showed the reason why they should practice before going to the interview. The final point is check everything carefully before the interview. The writer also give some ideas about clothes we should wear, timetable and have a good sleep before the interview. The linking words used in the essay is quite rare â€Å" Therefore, in addition, for example, moreover†. On the other hand, these linking words is used quite appropriate. In the conclusion, the essay ends with a strong conclusion paragraph that provided insight on the thesis statement. â€Å"In conclusion, if people want to get a good position in a big company, they should follow the three above works, as these are the most effective and important in the preparation for an interview†. To sum up, this essay obviously have a clear outline. Ideas is arranged quite logic and appropriate. Although the linking words and example are used rarely, the ideas still connect fluently. Section B. A research essay Abstract : Capital punishment  or the  death penalty  is a legal process whereby a person is put to death by the  state  as a punishment for a crime. The judicial decree that someone be punished in this manner is a  death sentence, while the actual process of killing the person is an  execution. Crimes that can result in a death penalty are known as  capital crimes  or  capital offences. Capital punishment has, in the past, been practised by most societies;  currently 58 nations actively practise it, and 97 countries have abolished it (the remainder have not used it for 10 years or allow it only in exceptional circumstances such as wartime). It is a matter of active controversy in various countries and states, and positions can vary within a single  political ideology  or cultural region. Although many nations have abolished capital punishment, over 60% of the world’s population live in countries where executions take place. Keywords : capital punishment, death penalty, crimes, abolish Outline : I. Introduction : Thesis statement: Many feel that all civilized communities should abolish the death penalty. II. Body – Wrongful execution – Closure family – Discrimination III. Conclusion Abolishing Capital punishment : A controversial issue In all societies, many cases occur where a criminal must be punished, so that they can be taught a lesson, and they can stop committing crimes. There are many different ways of punishing criminals: one is the death penalty. The issue of the death penalty has been avidly discussed throughout history. Some people support the idea of the death penalty, since they say it is only fair for one to forfeit their life if they take the life of another. Others feel that the death penalty is not fair, and fear that many innocents have been penalized for something they did not do. The issue of capital punishment deals with the moral issues of many people with different opinions within a community. It is a cruel punishment, and many have stated that legal systems should be able to devise another punishment to replace it. Prejudice is present in cases involving the death penalty. Many feel that all civilized communities should abolish the death penalty. First of all, it can seem dreadfully unfair to the families of those found to be innocent after the fact, if they are executed for crimes they did not do. If the Courts of Justice were to misjudge a person and claim them to be guilty, they cannot repair their mistake once that innocent person is dead. Executing an innocent is just as wrongful as any murder committed by in public. Perhaps it can also be considered murder if the jury causes the death of an innocent. Francois Robespierre, a well-known French revolutionist, once said, â€Å"Human judgments are never so certain as to permit society to kill a human being judged by other human beings. Why deprive ourselves of any chance to redeem such errors? † (Goldenman 1998). It is unjust for anyone to make judgments about others, and to decide whether they should live or die. Courts of Justice are known to make numbers of errors, which means it is unreasonable to allow defendants with the least doubt of guilt to be sentenced to death. John Stuart Mill, the famous philosopher, wrote that capital punishment – another term used for the death penalty – is a wrong done to innocents. It is impossible to restitute all wrongful executions ever made. â€Å"If by an error of justice an innocent person is put to death, the mistake can never be corrected; all compensation, all reparation for the wrong is impossible. (Blacks 1999). The courts of justice and all legislative bodies bear the onus, and should regard it with great respect, because if they do not, they become no different from wrong-doers in society who commit the crime of taking another’s life. It is a grave mistake to consider the death penalty as the main method to solve cases, or the best way to discourage crime, because wrongful convictions do occur, and it has been shown that the institution of the death penalty is no great disincentive. There are other methods of punishment, such a long prison terms, which can serve to exact reparation for heinous crimes. The first cause of wrongful convictions is faulty or false information given by witnesses. For example, a US Army Sergeant, named Timothy Hennis, was convicted of murder and sentenced to death in South Carolina in 1986. One witness said he saw Hennis at the site of the murder, but the witness had mistaken Hennis for someone who looked like him. Some witnesses lie to ensure the defendant is convicted of murder. This usually happens when the actual killer attempts to shift the blame to someone else, so they can get away with it. In most cases, it is rather difficult to tell who the murderer is, and is based most frequently on who can tell the most persuading story to police. Because of this, the death penalty is the worst solution in most cases, because it does little to solve the case in a more clement way. Secondly, a great number of people consider capital punishment an evil act, because it is a cruel punishment exacted without just cause. It is might seem prudent to punish murderers with death because it tortures them, but their families, and the victims’ families, might think differently. The horror of a sentence of execution is compounded by years of waiting. Death row inmates are kept in solitary cells, where they are likely to be confined for twenty-three hours of each day. Interaction with others is kept to a minimum. Perhaps this kind of treatment might be punishment enough. Many consider the ultimate form of punishment as no disincentive for the crime of murder, and feel it increases killing, rather than diminishes it. They also hold it to be morally wrong. There are many difficult issues to deal with after a death sentence, which puts the family of the convicted person into as much discomfort and strife as the sentenced person. The most horrifying part is that they are constantly reminded of what will happen. The horrors of execution, the preparation for it, the psychological infliction of pain and the actual means of execution are considered by many to be barbaric. A whole sector of the community feels that it is an evil act to have any person put into that circumstance. â€Å"In criminal justice, combining this kind of ritualism with killing is considered an aggravation of murder. Yet this is the kind of death the state imposes on those it executes. Black 1998)† To punish evil with evil, the writer continues, and to exact an eye for an eye, and measure for measure, is to become as callous as the criminals. The last point, discrimination is also created by dint of the death penalty. In some cases, the court is prejudiced against the defendant. The reasons for their prejudice might be what they consider ignorance, racial bias, or poverty, as well as other undesirable traits. These characteristics can affect the way a judge and jury adjudicates the defendant. The family of a convicted person is also made to suffer from referred guilt and connectedness to crime, which is rarely repairable. Race is often an issue. Clarence Brandley, a black school janitor, was convicted in 1981 and sentenced to death for the rape and murder of a white high school girl in Conroe, Texas. He was told by the police officer that since he was black, he had to be guilty of the murder. Judge Pickett stated about the case, â€Å"The conclusion is inescapable that the investigation was not conducted to solve the crime, but to convict Brandley† (Goldenman 1998). Prejudice in the court case proceedings has often contributed to the execution of many innocent people. Many supporters of the death penalty argue that it will deter violent crime. Dudley Sharp(2000) states, â€Å"The incapacitation effect saves lives – that is, that by executing murderers you prevent others from murdering, thereby saving an innocent life. The evidence of this is conclusive and incontrovertible. † People of this opinion believe that murderers would think twice before killing, because they fear death. This idea has been shown to be entirely false. Murderers rarely consider the consequences before they commit a crime. If all murderers think of the consequences before they kill, the murder rate would be lower in legislative areas where the death penalty exists. In fact, it has been shown that murder incidence remains the same when regions that carry the death penalty are compared with those with no form of capital punishment. There is no conclusive evidence to prove that the death penalty deters crime. To sum up, it does make sense that all criminals should be penalized to preserve peace and justice. Murderers are criminals, and deserve to be punished for their crime, but not with their own death. The death penalty has many flaws. Innocent people can lose their lives for crimes of which they bear no blame. The death penalty is considered to be highly immoral. It is a form of cruel and unusual punishment. People suffer greatly, both emotionally and physically, before their execution, and their families likewise. Capital punishment is not an antidote for violent crime. It is perfectly possible to deprive murderers of their freedom and throw them in prison for the rest of their natural lives. References Curry, Tim. Cutting the Hangman’s Noose: African Initiatives to Abolish the Death Penalty. (Archive)  American UniversityWashington College of Law. Gaie, Joseph B. R (2004). The ethics of medical involvement in capital punishment  : a philosophical discussion. Kluwer Academic. ISBN  1-4020-1764-2. Dudley Sharp (2002). Abolitionist and Retentionist Countries. Amnesty International. Law Center June 25 Francois Robespierre (1998). The Dealthe Penalty : Three things you should know. Goldenman Johnson, David T. ; Zimring, Franklin E. (2009). The Next Frontier: National Development, Political Change, and the Death Penalty in  Asia. Oxford University Press. ISBN  978-0-19-533740-2. John Stuart Mill (1999). International Polls and Studies. The Death Penalty Center Judge Pickett . Juvenille Execution. The Commandments, Neg. Comm. 290, at 269–271 (Charles B. Chavel trans. , 1967). Kronenwetter, Michael (2001). Capital punishment: a reference handbook  (2nd ed. ). ABC-CLIO. ISBN  1-57607-432-3. Kronenwetter, Michael (2001). Capital Punishment: A Reference Handbook  (2 ed. ). ABC-CLIO. ISBN  978-1-57607-432-9. McCafferty, James A (2010). Capital Punishment. AldineTransaction. ISBN  978-0-202-36328-8. Mandery,  Evan J  (2005). Capital punishment: a balanced examination. Jones and Bartlett Publishers. ISBN  0-7637-3308-3. Marzilli, Alan (2008). Capital Punishment – Point-counterpoint(2nd ed. ). Chelsea House. ISBN  978-0-7910-9796-0. Mary E. William (2006) . The Death Penalty: Opposing Viewpoint. San Diego Timothy Brook, Gregory Blue (1905). Death by a Thousand Cuts. The Times higher Education. Woolf, Alex (2004). World issues – Capital Punishment. Chrysalis Education. ISBN  1-59389-155-5. Simon, Rita (2007). A comparative analysis of capital punishment  : statutes, policies, frequencies, and public attitudes the world over. Lexington Books. ISBN  0-7391-2091-3. List of people who were beheaded