Civil and Criminal Laws Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Common and Criminal Laws - Essay Example In criminal law, the suit is constantly documented by the administration, who is known as the arraignment. Criminal law separates wrongdoings from common wrongs, for example, tort penetrate of agreement. Criminal law has been viewed as an arrangement of controlling the conduct of people and gatherings corresponding to cultural standards while common law is pointed fundamentally at the connection between private people and their privileges and commitments under the law. Albeit numerous old legitimate frameworks didn't obviously characterize a qualification among criminal and common law, in England there was little distinction until the codification of criminal law happened in the late nineteenth century. In many U.S. graduate schools, the essential course in criminal law depends on the English regular criminal law of 1750 (with some minor American alterations like the explanation of mens rea in the Model Penal Code). In common cases, the Seventh Amendment ensures a respondent a privilege to a jury preliminary in government court, yet that privilege doesn't have any significant bearing to t he states (conversely with criminal cases). Legitimate framework got from the Roman Corpus Juris Civilus of Emperor Justinian I; varies from a precedent-based law framework, which depends on earlier choices to decide the result of a claim. Generally European and South American nations have a common law framework. Britain and the vast majority of the nations it overwhelmed or colonized, including Canada and the United States, have a precedent-based law framework. Be that as it may, inside these nations, Louisiana, Quebec, and Puerto Rico display the impact of French and Spanish pilgrims in their utilization of common law frameworks. A group of decides that outline private rights and cures and administer debates between people in such regions as agreements, property, and family law is particular from criminal or open law. Discipline One of the most key differentiations among common and criminal law is in the thought of discipline. Criminal Law In criminal law, a liable litigant is rebuffed by either (1) imprisonment in a prison or jail, (2) fine paid to the legislature, or, in excellent cases, (3) execution of the respondent: capital punishment. Wrongdoings are isolated into two expansive classes: lawful offenses have a most extreme conceivable sentence of over one year detainment; crimes have a greatest conceivable sentence of short of what one year imprisonment. Common Law Interestingly, a respondent in common suit is never detained and never executed. When all is said in done, a losing respondent in common prosecution just repays the offended party for misfortunes brought about by the litigant's conduct. Purported correctional harms are never granted in a common case under agreement law. In a common case under tort law, there is a chance of reformatory harms, if the litigant's direct is grievous and had either (1)amalicious aim (i.e., want to cause hurt), (2)grossnegligence (i.e., cognizant lack of interest), or (3)awillful negligence for the privileges of others. The utilization of corrective harms makes an open case of the litigant and as far as anyone knows deflects future improper direct by others. Corrective harms are especially significant in torts including dignitary hurts (e.g., intrusion of protection) and social equality, where the genuine fiscal injury to plaintiff(s) might be little. One can

The Matrix Film Review Movie Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Matrix Film - Movie Review Example After Neo is unplugged from the Matrix and joins the liberated human radicals in the crushed human world, he comes to acknowledge his destiny of being the just one to end the war against the machines. The cast must be depicted as magnificent and exact. Keanu Reeves depicts the lead hero Neo; Laurence Fishburne is in the honorable job of Morpheus; Carrie-Anne Moss depicts Trinity, Neo’s love intrigue; and Hugo Weaving assumes the job of Agent Smith, the fundamental adversary and maverick conscious PC program whose sole object is to keep the insubordination from spreading or enduring. These entertainers depict their characters incredibly well. Reeves is persuading as the solitary, work-by-day-hack around evening time loner who can't get away from the conviction that there is something more to life. Fishburne and Moss are the embodiments of dissident pioneers from their cool mentalities to their striking faces. Weaving wove in consistently with the character of Agent Smith, total ly claiming Smith’s genuine aura and abhorrence for humankind. The entertainers genuinely and completely supplement their characters. The Matrix effectively snatches its watchers in all viewpoints imaginable, starting with the prompt bounce into the story. Before the initial credits even complete the process of moving, Trinity is being pursued somewhere near specialists and a SWAT group. Inside the initial fifteen minutes of the film, Neo’s character is presented, just as his crucial discovering Morpheus, and Trinity’s accomplishment at finding Neo to educate him that Morpheus has likewise been searching for him. As the principal half of act one finds some conclusion, a colossal lump of the storyline has been uncovered, leaving watchers holding tight for additional. The film doesn't leave them sitting tight for long as the story races into Neo’s catch by the specialists. While it is a typical practice in the film business to let however many components as would be prudent orchestrate the film, The Matrix goes well beyond what is normal. From ensembles to surrounding and lighting impacts, each component is intentionally done to upgrade the contrasts between this present reality and the PC created Matrix, and to assist watchers with understanding the difficulties that Neo is confronting. With respect to apparel, while in the Matrix, the ensembles of the renegades are advanced in style, dark and smooth; in reality, the characters wear worn out, sick fitting garments. The outfits alone show the dull dissimilarities between the Matrix and this present reality. The Matrix is intended to be an ideal world for people, which, incidentally, has made this present reality disintegrate, leaving it in downright complete vestiges. The decision of surrounding, essentially the nearby ups, permit watchers to get close with the characters. This holds particularly obvious concerning Neo, who is forced to bear most close-ups; his dread and vulnerability are apparent as we watch him gradually come to acknowledge reality of the Matrix and the presence of individuals. The staying close-ups are utilized to uncover strife and hardship between different characters, for example, among Morpheus and Neo, Trinity and Neo, and Agent Smith and whichever rebel he is prompting at that point. Towards the finish of the film, a medium close-up between Agent Smith and Morpheus, which is one of the best clash driven scenes of the film, unmistakably show the battle that each character is looking in their endeavor to free themselves of the Matrix. The decision of

Criminology Zones Essay Example For Students

Criminology Zones Essay Vince Zwilling Criminology 1:00 T/R Teacher Corbin Wrongdoing Zones and Reasoning (Poverty, Race, Social Class) Humanism is a part of the sociologies that endeavors to assist us with getting society and how individuals communicate. Similarly as with numerous other sociologies, human science utilizes hypotheses to help comprehend why individuals settle on specific choices. Hypotheses that assist us with clarifying cultural patterns are typically fragmented so as to precisely inspect the particular elements of various areas of society. Networks, foundations, sex, race and populace are a couple of well known instances of basic divisions used in social speculations. Social structure speculations, additionally called social change hypotheses endeavor to break down the main impetuses that change society. Sociologists who study social change utilize the investigation of both criminology and human science to reach determinations about criminal conduct. The general conviction of criminology hypothesis is that sure social structures bolster freak conduct. The three primary parts of social structure speculations are the social complication hypothesis, the social strain hypothesis and the social abnormality hypothesis. How well have social structure speculations clarified reprobate conduct in the public eye? In this paper, the significant social auxiliary speculations will be characterized and broke down. Social Disorganization Theory: Concentric Zone Theory The Centric Zone Theory was proposed by Shaw, and inspected capture rates in Chicago. It was during these years outsiders living in the downtown start to move to the edges of the city. The motivation behind their examination was to finish up if wrongdoing was brought about by specific settler gatherings or by nature in which migrants lived. Park and Burgess received the first concentric zone hypothesis, and which isolated Chicago into 5 unmistakable zones. Which were: 1. Focal Business District 2. Transitional Zone 3. Common laborers Zone 4. Private Zone 5. Suburbanite Zone The trial delighted that capture rates reliably stayed high for Zone 2, the transitional zone. They at last inferred that misconduct rates are connected with biological condition in which an individual or gathering stays. Social Ecology Theory This hypothesis depends on the dispute that change is normal. Further, this hypothesis recommends that when a zone is attacked, rivalry ejects and rivalry prompts confusion, which can start abnormality. This hypothesis can't help contradicting the social disorder hypothesis, since the hypothesis introduced by Shaw and McKay sums up information to make ends on an individual premise. Notwithstanding, the social environmental hypothesis looks to clarify the horror rates in urban zones dependent on singular conditions. Strain Theories The strain hypothesis hypothesizes that when guideline is insufficient social issues emerge. Anomie Theory states people who do not have the vehicles to assist them with understanding their targets in the long run become disappointed and may eventually turn towards an existence of wrongdoing. There are two fundamental kinds of strain. Auxiliary strain is the technique that ill-advised law implementation makes an individual view their necessities. Singular strain is the weight that individuals feel while looking to meet their own wants. General Strain Theory The principle center is around characterizing the sorts of strain. Agnew recognizes the estimations of strain, the significant sorts of strain, the connections among strain and wrongdoing, adapting methodologies for strain just as the determinants of reprobate conduct. The General Strain hypothesis manages the passionate part of criminal conduct. Social Deviance Theory Where social authoritative hypothesis centers around conditions in the earth what's more, strain hypothesis focuses on the contention among objectives and means, social aberrance hypothesis consolidates the two ways of thinking. Mill operators Focal Concern Theory Recognizes the basic beliefs of lower-class culture and their relationship to wrongdoing. Basic beliefs are characterized as: inconvenience, sturdiness, fervor, destiny, brilliance and self-rule. .u76d0716c9029057a06be8ae1e75ea2a1 , .u76d0716c9029057a06be8ae1e75ea2a1 .postImageUrl , .u76d0716c9029057a06be8ae1e75ea2a1 .focused content territory { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u76d0716c9029057a06be8ae1e75ea2a1 , .u76d0716c9029057a06be8ae1e75ea2a1:hover , .u76d0716c9029057a06be8ae1e75ea2a1:visited , .u76d0716c9029057a06be8ae1e75ea2a1:active { border:0!important; } .u76d0716c9029057a06be8ae1e75ea2a1 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u76d0716c9029057a06be8ae1e75ea2a1 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; murkiness: 1; progress: mistiness 250ms; webkit-change: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u76d0716c9029057a06be8ae1e75ea2a1:active , .u76d0716c9029057a06be8ae1e75ea2a1:hover { darkness: 1; change: haziness 250ms; webkit-progress: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u76d0716c9029057a06be8ae1e75ea2a1 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relati ve; } .u76d0716c9029057a06be8ae1e75ea2a1 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content beautification: underline; } .u76d0716c9029057a06be8ae1e75ea2a1 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u76d0716c9029057a06be8ae1e75ea2a1 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe range: 3px; content adjust: focus; content enhancement: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u76d0716c9029057a06be8ae1e75ea2a1:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u76d0716c902 9057a06be8ae1e75ea2a1 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u76d0716c9029057a06be8ae1e75ea2a1-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u76d0716c9029057a06be8ae1e75ea2a1:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Insects Essay Summary These qualities may prompt an existence of wrongdoing since they are at chances with the estimations of the unrivaled culture. Both the social confusion and social environment hypotheses endeavor to clarify why certain gatherings have a higher wrongdoing rate than others. Despite the fact that these ends do unequivocally look like patterns in misconduct rates among downtown occupants today. The essential issue is the presence of multicollinearity (where a direct relationship exists among the informative factors) since a portion of the information, for example, packing and unacceptable lodging are exceptionally associated with each other. Such information imperfections may antagonistically influence the exactness of the hypothesis. The strain hypotheses express the discontent of Americans who neglect to accomplish the American dream. Wrongdoings submitted by clerical, working class .

Shoes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Shoes - Essay Example This paper investigates the source of shoes and the absolute most pivotal developments in the shoe business. The birthplace of shoes goes back to around 40,000 years prior during the Middle Paleolithic age. Proof brings up that footwear was among the things that the old man made. The early man was constrained to gadget a methods for shielding their feet from rough landscapes, barbed rocks and hot sand in addition to other things that could hurt their feet (Yue and Yue, 1997). In early human advancements, shoes were the most widely recognized footwear among individuals. Be that as it may, a few networks, for example, Mesopotamia had shoes. In Mesopotamia, people who live in mountains around the limit with Iran wore a delicate shoes made of wraparound calfskin. There was no stamped qualification between the left and right shoes. Indeed, even by 1850, both the left and right combines of shoes remained to a great extent the equivalent with most shoes having straight keeps going. As indic ated by Yue and Yue (1997), the antiquated shoe structures were as per the general condition of the designer, for example, the conditions that individuals should have been shielded from just as the accessible materials. Quick development was basic for endurance, in this manner â€Å"shoes should have been light-weight yet at the same time sufficient for satisfactory protection† (Yue and Yue, 1997, p.9). Shoes expected to conceal the foot and have tight grasp. In warm territories, individuals looked for level materials and tied them onto their feet bottoms while those in colder atmospheres secured their feet and legs with creature skins tying them with thongs (Yue and Yue, 1997). A large number of the shoes that standard the present universe of style existed in the antiquated periods. Various types of shoes from thick to thin existed in the old fashioned world. In any case, shoes are one of the most widely recognized footwear among early occupants of the planet earth. Shoe des pite everything stays regular footwear in warm nations. The antiquated Japanese had their adaptation of shoe with a wooden sole called the geta. The geta was worn with socks known as tabi (Yue and Yue, 1997). Among the Indians was chappli, a tall knobbed shoe that was produced using the cover up of water bison with a wood and metal to keep the foot over the ground. Early Egyptians were related with shoes that were essentially made of plaited leaves of papyrus. Shoe making was a generally recognized practice among early Egyptians. The Egyptian shoes were remarkable in that they showed up as both left and right pair not at all like most European shoes that had no distinctions. In Greece and Rome, the utilization of shoes was confined with explicit shoes being set for various events (Aswad and Meredith, 2003). In cool nations, slipper was the most widely recognized kind of shoes. Slipper was basic and made of one round of calfskin sewed together and had bands that were additionally mad e of cowhide. Shoe was basic among Native Americans and antiquated American pioneers. The old Romans have been related with wooden soled shoes. Workers across Europe have worn stops up just as different shoes with wooden soles for an extremely extensive stretch of time. Like the Japanese geta, the thick wooden bottom shielded the foot from street pieces, mud, stones, and cold among others. Klompen were wooden shoes in Holland and still exist today. Pattens were worn until medieval times, during Victorian periods. Among the early French was sabot, a wooden sole shoe for manufacturing plant workers and laborers. High heel shoes, which generally rule the women’s design world, existed for the two guys and females in the old occasions. These incorporate

wiki wabbit Richmond Writing

wiki wabbit Richmond Writing If you ever watched Bugs Bunny You might read the title of this posting with an echo of Elmer Fudd expressing his chagrin at one of our beloved tricksters. The relevance of this, if not immediately apparent, will be suggested in a bit.  Wiki what? The Oxford English Dictionary tells us that wiki is a Hawaiian word meaning fast, the emphatic form of which is wikiwiki. This phrase was first used to apply to a user-edited website called WikiWikiWeb composed by Ward Cunningham in 1995 this was the first wiki. With 9,889,432 views per hour in English alone, most folks know about Wikipedia, but fewer understand what a wiki is or how to use one. Unlike traditional semi-static/gatekeeper websites that require complex software to create and are often controlled by a single person, a wiki can be built online, often for free, and designed so a limited or unlimited number of people can edit it easily. I have been using Wikispaces for my writing workshops as well as for process drafting of research essays in my first-year writing courses. All changes are recorded in the history tab, so there is a complete record of who wrote what and when and this makes for a more thorough collection of drafts and revisions. Often the pages will have a discussion tab that is useful for writing workshop feedback, posting questions to readers etc. But wikis can be used for more than writing courses, they can be convenient and flexible group collaboration tools for any project, academic or otherwise. Browse the sites for Wetpaint or PB Works and note the varying complexity and features offered, or check WikiMatrix to find a handy tool for comparing a number of wikis of your own choosing. Oh, and about those leaks. In terms of wiki-ness, the Wikileaks website is not really a wiki since it is not editable by its users but its revelations certainly introduce an element of speed into the slower pace of partial diplomatic disclosure. Aside from speed, another aspect of wiki-ness manifest by Wikileaks is that of transparency and accountability or at least the transparency and accountability of the powerful, since Wikileaks founder Julian Assange is less than transparent himself. On a wiki, every user and every change are recorded, there is no way to hide and all information is immediately available to users. By contrast, FOIA information is laborious to obtain and is often heavily redacted, which is partly why these leaks evoke mixed feelings for me. Why do we subscribe to transparency so selectively? Isnt one of our chief criticisms of North Korea its absolute lack of transparency? No doubt these leaks will increase tension, make negotiation more difficult and possibly risk some lives but it might also be argued that, in a WMD world, everyones life is at risk every day when governments are not transparent. However, there is a surprising amount of government and institutional cooperation worldwide and a massive assault by individual hackers to shut down or shut out Wikileaks, a fact suggesting that the threat we feel from transparency trumps the value we claim to put on it. Or perhaps it is a measure of our faith in the goodness of what our leaders and institutions do in secret, but this doesnt seem in keeping with our recent waves of anti-government sentiment, so the motivation of leak opponents is unclear to me. And now, these anti-leak actions have led to Operation Payback a barrage of counter-hacking by supporters of Wikileaks in what may be our first public cyberwar. One thing is for sure: without that cloak of secrecy, with the knowledge that we were watching, powerful persons and groups at all levels would act quite differently, perhaps with more humility, responsibility and vision. As the ambiguous Wikileaks logo suggests, time is running out for our planet and it may just take some kind of digital trickster to stir things up. Ultimately such transparency may be what assures our survival. Podcast: Play in new window | Download

Love In Pride and Prejudice Novel - Free Essay Example

Literary essay on Pride and Prejudice All the plot lines of this novel Jane Austen converge to two main characters Elizabeth Bennet and Mr. Darcy. At first, one can get the impression that each of them embodies one of two traits: Mr. Darcy pride, Elizabeth prejudice against this rich and arrogant man. In fact, each of them is equally inherent in pride and long-term prejudice against each other. However, the central theme of the novel is the theme of getting rid of erroneous judgments, prompted by the first impressions, correcting them through new impressions and vigorous mental work.In her novel, Jane Austen wanted, first of all, to show a reader the relationship between people and to analyze the individual aspects of human psychology. This explains the absence of the verbal portrait of Elizabeth Bennet: the author only mentions that the girl is pretty and charming, but not so beautiful as her older sister. It is much more important for Jane Austen to tell us about her thoughts, feelings, and actions. Elizabeth does not have exceptional musical abilities, poorly understands painting, and constantly demonstrates energy and liveliness of mind instead of sad languor. Discretion and common sense determine her behavior. Lizzie is not capable of love at first sight: the real feeling is born in her heart not as a result of first impressions, but after a long time, as a result of the process of recognition and experience, supported by deep reflections. That is why she is confident in herself and her feelings. Elizabeth strictly adheres to her own views on what are happiness and marriage, considering the guarantee of family happiness not as class and material criteria, but the sincerity of the feelings of future spouses. Pr ide, or more precisely good self-esteem and her fearlessness, is present in every action and every replica of Elizabeth.Mr. Darcy has his own pride. As soon as he appears on the pages of the novel all the characters become aware of the amount of his income 10 000 pounds a year, the enormous amount for that time. Mr. Darcys appearance was not ignored by the author and he is described as a good-looking aristocratic man. Nevertheless, his beauty and charm are admired, while people know about his wealth when he demonstrates pride and arrogance his appearance starts to produce an unpleasant impression. Although he, trying to explain his behavior, speaks of his inability to easily meet people that does not convince Elizabeth. Moreover, almost simultaneously with him, the author presents Wickham, who acts as the antipode of the main character. Hardly having met Elizabeth, he tells her the story of his life, in which Mr. Darcy played the most indecent, in his words, role. Thus, all the circumstances are not in Mr. Darcys favor, and further development of the plot seems unpredictable. The rebuke, which Elizabeth gives Darcy, should, as if , signify the completion of their acquaintance. However, Elizabeths refusal only gives impetus to a new development of their relations. The refusal received by Darcy was not an easy test for his pride. A man of aristocratic upbringing, he did not show his raging feelings. With his restraint, the most natural way of expressing emotions was not direct dialogue but correspondence with his chosen one.The most important elements of the formation of Darcys image are the judgments made about him by other characters. And if at the beginning of the novel these judgments form a negative image of the character, later, from the moment of Elizabeths visit to Pemberley, the opinions of other people about Mr. Darcy help her to get rid of the formed stereotype. She admires the perfect taste of the owner, who managed not to disturb the natural beauty of the landscape. The interior of the house also gives her pleasure not a tasteless luxury, but genuine elegance. The enthusiastic response about Mr. Darcy from his housekeeper becomes another revela tion for Elizabeth. All these external impressions gradually transform the initially hostile attitude of Elizabeth into completely different feelings.As for Mr. Darcy, when Elizabeth appears in his life, a fierce struggle unfolds in his soul. He struggles against his feelings for Elizabeth, realizing that the girls social position does not match his rank. Although, from their conversations, it is clear that the young man has nothing against her, and even at the most provocative Lizzies replicas he responds with polite kindness. In fact, some of Darcys phrases show his feelings. For example, during Elizabeths visit to tte Collins, he reproaches her for being overly attached to her home, and his words reveal a secret desire to take Lizzy out of Longbourn. The proposal he made to Elizabeth shortly after this conversation is the result of a significant concession of his beliefs in favor of the voice of the heart. It is not easy for Mr. Darcy to admit his love, but he is still a proud person, not doubting that any girl will feel happy with his condescension. Love and pride still have equal power over him, and Elizabeths accusation that he did not explain himself in the way that a noble man should wound him no less than the girls refusal. Indeed, Mr. Darcy considered himself a true aristocrat, and it was the class prejudices that prevented him from giving vent to his feelings. From this moment, the better me of Mr. Darcy begins to struggle with his pride. By doing good things, he makes Elizabeth to change her opinion about him and decides to talk to her again abo ut his feelings. During this explanation, both characters admit their mistakes.Throughout the novel, the development of Elizabeths feelings for Mr. Darcy is shown in all complexity and contradiction: from dislike to doubts, then, to regret about her judgments about him, and finally, to admiration. By the end of the book Elizabeth becomes not only happy but also wise: now she is more circumspect and understands that one cannot rely either on first impressions or on public opinion because everyone looks at things differently. The path of Mr. Darcy towards Elizabeth is the path of getting rid of prejudices and arrogance, the path from vanity and pride to a self-critical reassessment of ones character. Thus, from a lot of observations and meetings, a new image of each other is gradually emerging in the souls of Elizabeth and Darcy. Finally, love replaced pride and prejudice.

The Supreme Court Extends 2nd Amendment Rights to the...

The Supreme Court ruled on June 28th that the 2nd Amendments protection of the right to bear arms applies on state and city levels. The 5-4 decision along ideological lines echoed 2008s decision to strike down DCs handgun ban, citing the 14th Amendment as a major factor in the decision to extend the federal right to own a hand gun for personal protection down to local levels. Though it officially returned McDonald v. City of Chicago to the lower courts for a decision, it is expected that Chicagos 28 year old handgun ban will be overturned, and that legislation against handgun restrictions in other states will be legally challenged for years to come. During this project, I watched and reports about the Supreme Courts decision from†¦show more content†¦That clip was then followed by a quote from Justice John Paul Stevens dissenting opinion as well as a short statement by Congresswoman Dianne Feinstein (D-CA) which was made during Elena Kegans confirmation hearing. The reporter drew attention to the fact that the court did not strike down Chicagos hand gun ban, but rather sent it back to a lower court noting the fact that legal analysts expect lower courts to overturn the law in light of Supreme Court decision. Smith then drew attention to the fact that the right to own handguns does not, in the estimation of the Court, overturn restrictions on waiting periods or assault weapons. The Supreme Courts 2nd Amendment Decision, Correspondent James Rosen, June 28, 2010 After this initial report, Smith introduced James Rosen a reporter in Washington DC. Rosen equated this case to Brown v. Board of Education and Roe v. Wade, in that it is a momentous victory for 2nd amendment advocates. Mr. Rosen then discussed the majority opinion written by Alito balancing it by showing a clip of Paul Helmke from the Brady Center to Prevent Gun Violence, in which he said that this ruling does not affect the things which they are fighting against. Helmke emphasized that the ruling applies only to the right to own handguns, and does not appear to effect waiting periods and restrictions on military grade assaultShow MoreRelatedCriminal Code Of The United States Essay1585 Words   |  7 Pageslaw. States and the federal government have their own criminal codes which define the type of conduct that would be considered a crime. Title 18 of the U.S. codes outlines all federal crimes typically crimes that deal with activities that go beyond state boundaries and which i mpacts federal interests. In state prosecutions, the state follows the criminal code of the individual state. Every state has its own criminal code and many states choose to follow or mimic the federal rules. The state proceduralRead MoreEssay on Gun Ownership and the Second Amendment of the Constitution1624 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Second Amendment Over the centuries, the Supreme Court has always ruled that the 2nd Amendment protects the states militias rights to bear arms, and that this protection does not extend to individuals. In fact, legal scholars consider the issue settled law. For this reason, the gun lobby does not fight for its perceived constitutional right to keep and bear arms before the Supreme Court, but in Congress. Interestingly, even interpreting an individual right in the 2nd Amendment presentsRead MoreThe Issue Of Gun Control Laws1536 Words   |  7 PagesThe United States Constitution says that its Citizens have the right to bear arms. This Amendment, when written had no limitations or constraints, however there seems to be more laws than ever trying to govern or ban the carrying and even ownership of firearms as a whole. 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The Legislative is composed of the House and Senate, which is set up in Article 1. The Executive includes of the President, Vice-President, and the departments, which is set up in Article 2. The Judicial is composed of the federal courts and the Supreme Court, which is set up in Article 3. The different branches of government have different responsibilities. InRead MoreThe Amendment Rights Must Be The Most Controversial Section Of The Constitution2593 Words   |  11 PagesSecond Amendment rights must be the most controversial section of the Constitution, it most definitely has to be the most challenged. Lawsuits have been brought up against the Second Amendment for many years, challenging whether or not it should still be a part of the Constitution, and the meaning behind the verbiage used. The anti-gun crowd has attempted multiple times to prove the Second Amendment should apply only to a militia and that the average citizen has no right to own a firearm. The National

China Has Been Building Artificial Islands - 1351 Words

OVERVIEW: China has been building artificial islands, shown in Figure 1, on the South China Sea, surrounded by China, Indonesia, Vietnam, Philippines, Taiwan, Malaysia and Brunei. The South China Sea is the centre of â…“ of the world s shipping transits as well as many reefs. There is also claims of potential oil and gas reserves. All of the countries have been competing for power in parts of this area; extending far from coastlines to claim many areas as possible.These territorial claims have caused disputes among the nations and building artificial islands on disputed area has caused tension and suspicions. The land reclamation has not only sparked more tension but is also damaging to the marine biodiversity. The work being undertaken†¦show more content†¦However, they feel threatened by China’s island building. All ASEAN countries have expanded their naval and air arms to safeguard their maritime interests. Retracting land is not an option as it is believed to show weakness in power and cost them domestically. UNCLOS, Environmental Activists, United Nations Environmental Program, National Centre for Coral Research and other groups There are concerns among environmentalists as the coral reefs around the world are dying. The reefs, which are one of the most diverse ones in the world, suffer from other factors such as overfishing and climate change. Scientists found that the waters contain ‘pulses’ of larval fish that restock the coastal fishes in the sea. They believe that since the South China Sea accounts for 1/10 of fish stocks for the world; the artificial islands should not be built as more than 1/4 of the world rely on it for food. SOLUTIONS: Building Multilateral Framework: Building Multilateral Framework Is the main solution to ease the conflict between China and the ASEAN countries. The 2002 Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea allows the parties to agree upon multilateral risk reductions and confidence building measures. This declaration affirmed the commitment to international law and freedom of navigation in the South China Sea. The commitment leads to the adoption of a code of conduct for the South China Sea. The Code of Conduct specifies how rights will beShow MoreRelatedA Short Note On Chinese Island Building : Problems And Proposals1578 Words   |  7 PagesAustin Bullock November 29, 2016 U.S. Response to Chinese Island Building: Problems and Proposals 1. Background The United States is currently entangled with China over the Spratly Islands in the South China Sea. The location of these islands is approximately 500 miles from the Chinese mainland and also has islands claimed by numerous countries including China, the Philippines, Malaysia, Vietnam and Taiwan. These ownership of these islands is in question ever since March of 2012 when 21 VietnameseRead MoreChinas Expansion Into The South China Sea Case Study1351 Words   |  6 PagesAround the year 2015 China has started building artificial islands on disputed territory in the South China Sea for the purpose of resource mining, installment of surveillance and defensive infrastructures. Countries in the South China Sea that lay economic and territorial claims such as the Philippines, Malaysia, and Japan have expressed security concerns regarding China’s aggressive expansion unto territories such as the Spratyl Islands and Rubi Reef as China had increased security and surveillanceRead M oreSocial Issues: Territorial Dispute in the West Philippine Sea770 Words   |  4 PagesPowers† such as China. China took the advantage of the country’s status of being a third world country, thinking that Philippines don’t stand a chance against China. The International Law equalizes both small and big countries. That’s why the government put the fate of the whole country in the Tribunal and the compulsory dispute resolution mechanisms of UNCLOS (Del Rosario, December 4, 2015). While the case is being processed in the Arbitral Tribunal, China finished building their structuresRead MoreThe Sino Philippine South China Sea Conflict1499 Words   |  6 Pages2015 The Sino-Philippine South China Sea Conflict Introduction In addressing a long-time conflict, the Permanent Court of Arbitration in The Hague ruled on 29 October 2015 that it will be holding hearings over a South China Sea territorial dispute filed by the Philippines against the People’s Republic of China. The South China Sea has been a region of large dispute over both unresolved island and maritime claims by the People’s Republic of China, Republic of China (Taiwan), Brunei, Malaysia, VietnamRead MoreThe Real Challenge Of The Pacific1404 Words   |  6 Pageswork, Dr. Michael D. Swaine has offered harsh critiques of Dr. Andrew F. Krepinevich for supporting the limitation of China s pursue of territorial dispute over neighboring regions. Swaine, however, underestimates China s ambition for power; overlooks its rapid increase of economical and militarily strength; and generalizes that China is willing to stabilize and that this stabilization would not develop into further chaos. China’s great ambition of power has been demonstrated by its notoriousRead MoreCase Study Of Trumps One China Policy827 Words   |  4 PagesSo far, Trump has managed to antagonize the Mexican president and the Islamic world as well as harangue the Australian prime minister and the French president. More interestingly, after reaching out to his Chinese counterpart via a letter in which he expressed a desire to form a constructive relationship, Trump decided to accept the traditional US approach of pursuing a One China policy. US defence secretary James Mattis was in Asia recently as the first member of the Trump cabinet on foreignRead MoreDubai Development And Transformation Of Dubai1478 Words   |  6 Pagescities that have experienced a tremendous amount of development in short periods of time, but there is none like that of Dubai. Dubai is a city that has developed from the sands of the Arabian Gulf and has become one of the leading economic centers in the world. The rapid development and transformation of Dubai has captured the world’s attention and has become a model, modern city through the vision of Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid al-Maktoum, who is the Vice-President and Prime Minister of the UnitedRead MoreRising Water Levels Threatening The Maldives Islands1305 Words   |  6 PagesRising Water Levels Threatening the Maldives Islands The global warming is a phenomenon happening all over the earth, there are several causes, but most are a result of human activity. The graph in image 1 shows that a significant increase in the climate temperature in the mid-20th century, somewhere between 1900 and 1950. The industrial revolution happened between the years 1820 and 1840, although great improvements in technology were achieved in the 1900 s. The increasing temperatures since theRead MoreThe Potential Hazards Of The South China Sea1629 Words   |  7 Pagesincrease in the South China Sea this in turn has increased potential implications for its environment. One major implication is the potential hazards that are threatening coral reefs and other components of the local marine ecology within that region. The once untouched ecosystem is at danger because of aggressive engagements of ocean floors in search of natural resources. Since 2013, China has orchestrated reclamation constructions on reefs in the disputed Spratly Islands with goals of transformingRead MoreTerritorial Disputes Within The South China Sea1404 Words   |  6 PagesNetherlands Name: Michael Zuker and Max Myszkowski Committee: United Nations General Assembly Topic: Territorial Disputes in the South China Sea Background Following the cessation of the Cold War, a massive territorial dispute erupted over two island chains in the South China Sea (SCS), the Paracels and the Spratleys. Those nations disputing their rightful ownership include China, Malaysia, Vietnam, the Philippines, Brunei, and Taiwan. The source of the conflict in this area stems from the geographical location

Meta Vaux Warrick Fuller Visual Artist of the Harlem Renaissance

Meta Vaux Warrick Fuller was born Meta Vaux Warrick on June 9, 1877, in Philadelphia. Her parents, Emma Jones Warrick and William H. Warrick, were entrepreneurs who owned a hair salon and barbershop. Her father was an artist with an interest in sculpture and painting, and from an early age, Fuller was interested in visual art. She attended J. Liberty Tadd’s art school. In 1893, Fuller’s work was chosen to be in the World’s Columbian Exposition. As a result, she received a scholarship to the Pennsylvania Museum School of Industrial Art. Here, Fuller’s passion for creating sculptures developed. Fuller graduated in 1898, receiving a diploma and teacher’s certificate. Studying Art in Paris The following year, Fuller traveled to Paris to study with Raphaà «l Collin. While studying with Collin, Fuller was mentored by painter Henry Ossawa Tanner. She also continued to develop her craft as a sculptor at Academie Colarossi while sketching at Ecole des Beaux-Arts. She was  influenced by the conceptual realism of Auguste Rodin, who declared, â€Å"My child, you are a sculptor; you have the sense of form in your fingers.† In addition to her relationship with Tanner and other artists, Fuller developed a relationship with W.E.B. Du Bois, who inspired Fuller to incorporate African-American themes in her artwork.   When Fuller left Paris in 1903, she had much of her work displayed in galleries throughout the city including a private one-woman exhibit and two of her sculptures, The Wretched and The Impenitent Thief were on display at the Paris Salon.   An African-American Artist in the U.S. When Fuller returned to the U.S. in 1903, her work was not readily embraced by members of the Philadelphia art community. Critics said her work was â€Å"domestic† while others discriminated solely on her race. Fuller continued to work and was the first African-American woman artist to receive a commission from the U.S. government. In 1906, Fuller created a series of dioramas depicting African-American life and culture in the U.S. at the Jamestown Tercentennial Exposition. The dioramas included historical events like the first African slaves being delivered to Virginia in 1619 and Frederick Douglas delivering a commencement address at Howard University. Two years later, Fuller exhibited her work at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts. In 1910, a fire destroyed many of her paintings and sculptures. For the next ten years, Fuller would work from her home studio, raise a family, and focus on developing sculptures with mostly religious themes. But in 1914 Fuller deviated from religious themes to create Ethiopia Awakening. The statue is considered in many circles as one of the symbols of the Harlem Renaissance. In 1920, Fuller exhibited her work again at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, and in 1922, her work appeared at the Boston Public Library. Personal Life and Death Fuller married Dr. Solomon Carter Fuller in 1907. Once married, the couple moved to Framingham, Massachusetts, and had three sons. Fuller died on March 3, 1968, at Cardinal Cushing Hospital in Framingham.

Relationships Are Part Of The Society’S Life. As People

Relationships are part of the society’s life. As people tend to grow up, we get to know the feeling of attraction and being in love towards the opposite sex. However, some people choose to commit to not only one person, but to multiple relationships. This is called an open relationship. Open relationship is an interpersonal relationship where both parties agreed to be together but can develop relationships to other partners as well. Although this multiple commitment seems to be an easy-going and straightforward kind of relationship, conflicts may still arise through this kind of relationship. People are being more open to this kind of relationship, so often that other people think that this certain type of relationship is okay and is a†¦show more content†¦She finds the relationship unhealthy. Thus, she’s now into an open relationship because she does not want her past experience happen again. This is self-justification. We alter our recollections from the past , where we felt unhappy, ashamed angry or emabarrassed, in order to feel good with our past decisions and actions. To test our hypothesis, we will use the Experimental method, where we use scientific research. This is the most helpful method when it comes to determining causal relatons. In addition, we will be using basic research, as we are finding out why certain individuals behave the way they do and it is out of the researcher’s curiosity. The independent variable in this case is the satisfaction rate of open relationships, while the dependent variable is monogamous relationship. Our external validity is generalizability across people, because we conducted an experiment associating populations, and is a replication. With this method, we are conducting the probability level of both relationships. According to Multiamory, they surveyed 502 U.S adults (66% male from Open relationships and 45% from monogamous relationship) 24% of the Westerners Bonquin 3 are more open to non-monogamy, 21% from northeasterners, 19% from the Southerners and 18% from Midwesterners. Meaning, the percentage s from couples who does not allow open relationships areShow MoreRelatedThe Treatment Of Women During The Middle East Essay1686 Words   |  7 Pagesthe two films and the novel shared, there were also some differences that were representative of the diversity of how women lived and the kind of relationships they had with their male counterparts. These main differences were due mainly because of the wealth, social standing, and how adherent the men that these women had relationships with were to society’s expectations. First and foremost, wealth and social standing were essentially the main determining factors that were indicative of the livesRead MoreFigueroas Framework973 Words   |  4 Pagesan individual’s decision to participate in physical activity. These factors change throughout an individual’s life. For example, some children start playing sport because it is fun; others may join a sporting group because their older brother or sister plays that sport. A new sporting complex may open nearby and provide a chance to try a new sport. Coaching clinics might inspire some people to give a sport a go. Teachers can provide both positive and negative sporting experiences. At school, peersRead MoreAnalysis Of Annie Proulx s Brokeback Mountain 969 Words   |  4 Pagesnext 20 years in discrete locations to satisfy their hunger. 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The Economic Disparities Between The United States And...

Consistently broadcast on the evening news, we visually observe the financial ailment of many countries. The economic disparities between the United States and other nations are extensive. Outsourcing American jobs are still not enough for struggling nations, but why? The conditions in peripheral countries on things such as roads, vehicles used, and the homes broadcast are just a few of the images continuously televised on a nightly basis. With this in mind, what is it that makes our condition differ from the others? As a core nation, the United States appears to have the best of everything while the peripheral countries strain. The upper-class Americans have it all. What allows the rich countries to afford these luxuries? Visibly projecting a high-quality lifestyle, core countries eagerly forecast attractive homes, the latest fashions, beautiful cars and our core nation provide an appropriate infrastructure. All of this comes at a cost in which the middle and lower classes suffer. How is the United States accomplishing this lap of luxury life? To begin with, we seem to outsource numerous jobs to peripheral nations. The cost of having products manufactured in other countries is minimal in contrast to the expenses billed for the same services here. These minimal costs, transfer added wealth into the pockets of the American owners. All comes at a cost to the American people. â€Å"This is particularly the case for studies on services outsourced from the UnitedShow MoreRelatedMeasuring Racial And Ethnic Inequality1508 Words   |  7 PagesPresenting, and Interpreting Social Science Data, â€Å"Numbers never speak for themselves.† Klass’s purpose for this chapter is to demonstrate the range of data that is derived from social indicators and that can be used to analyze racial and ethnic disparities in different spheres such as income and wealth, health, education, and criminal justice. 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Business Project Management Housing Authority

Question: Describe the Case Study for Business Project Management for Housing Authority. Answer: Introduction: The effective and efficient working of the project can be achieved by using the tool of project management (Mohammad, 2009). In this paper, we are focusing on contemporary issues related with project management. The risks associated with the project are the important part in the success and progress of the project. The Contractor Company focuses on the business risk associated with the company due to clients such as Housing authority, requirement of statutory, ramification or penalty due to poor performance, and associated suppliers and staffing. The partnership between public and private authority, finance initiative of private projects has the major impact on the construction industries. A risk can be defined as the future harm which can be caused due to present working condition of the organization. The loss can occur in terms of finance, credibility, data or information loss, or any other (Alfawaz, 2011). The Process of Risk Management is associated with the number of steps which focus on the identification of the risk, analysis of the risk, prioritization of the risk, planning, communication, mitigation, and monitoring of the risk. The process of risk management is divided into two integrated phases assessment of the risk and controlling of the risk. Risk is defined as the exposure of loss of economy due to the occurrence of uncertainty. The management of risk includes handling of logical and systematic procedures used for identification, analysing, evaluation, and communication to handle risk associated with the activity going within the organization (Lane, 2012). The functions which are associated with the risk management are categorised as identification, diversification, quantization, concentration, analysing, hedge, allocation, leverage, response, insurance, and prevention. The major concern is to identify the sources of risk associated with the project which can be due to commercial relationship, circumstances changes with the economic loss, predicti on of change in employees working nature within the organization, political risk, issues related with trend and technology, management of flow of activities, and many others. The risk adversely affects the area associated with assets and resources of the firm, cost, community, people, and environment, behaviour of the employees and organization, and performance (Perking, 2015). The success of the project depends on the interlinking and the integration of the risk management process and the working practices in completion of the project (Mark, 2011). Objective: The objective of the paper is to provide the brief study of on contemporary issues related with project management. The Contractor Company focuses on the business risk associated with the company due to clients such as Housing authority, requirement of statutory, ramification or penalty due to poor performance, and associated suppliers and staffing. Scope: The scope of the project is associated with strategies behind project risk planning, project risk assessment, project risk mitigation, project risk monitoring and control, project risk in the success of the project, and contemporary issues related with project management. The aim of the project risk management program is to minimize the losses and damages incurred with the project completion, reduction in the cost identified, controlling and minimizing the associated risk effects, and many others. Literature Review: From the research and literature review on the projects of construction industry in Hong Kong it has been seen that the success of the project depends on participants commitment towards the project functionality, competence of the owner and the contractor, coordination between the participants of the project (Danchev, 2009), favourable working environment provided to the employees, competency skills of the project manager, support provided by the top management, interaction and communication between the employees of the project working together. The management of risk includes handling of logical and systematic procedures used for identification, analysing, evaluation, and communication to handle risk associated with the activity going within the organization. The success of the project depends on the interlinking and the integration of the risk management process and the working practices in completion of the project. Risk associated with the business can be categorised as in relati on with damage occurs to environment, in relation with payment given to government, dumping of waste, noise pollution, should follow the rules of transparency, ethics, and consistency, Shareholders, and Investors. Risk associated with economy and politics can be defined as the economic factors can be categorised as inflation, crisis on finance, and increase in rate of interest, recession, and operating overseas. The political factors can be categorised as terrorism, kidnaping, diplomatic relation, and many others. Risk associated with procurement are known as difference in arrangement, issues related with rights and duties, and procurement risks can be categorised as traditional, designing, building, and others. The risks associated with the construction industry are complexity of the project can be increased, coverage of professional security, defects in designing of the infrastructure, in relation with work force relationship, and failure of the component working. Risks associated with the Hong Kong Construction Industry are listed below: Construction risk based on technical uncertainties Performance Risk associated with the component and material used Maintenance and operational risk Risk associated with failure due to the accident or negligence Setting of minimum acceptable standards The work in use ensures the project risk Success of the project: The success of the project is divided into five modules which are named as tiers: Tier 1: When the delivery of the project is within the scope in accordance with project schedule and budget Tier 2: When the delivery of the project is within the scope in accordance with project schedule and within the limits of agreed budget Tier 3: When the delivery of the project is within the scope in accordance with project schedule, expected budget, and meets the quality standards Tier 4: When the delivery of the project is within the scope in accordance with objective, scope, project schedule, budget, quality, and outcome When the delivery of the project is within the scope in accordance with net value of the project (Banaitis, 2011) The figure below shows the layers of project success: The table below shows the success indicator of the project (Source: Alfawaz, 2011.A review of risk management in construction: Opportunities for improvement. 1st ed.): Criteria of the Success Stakeholders Time scale Increase in the value of stakeholder Sponsors and stakeholder At the end of the year Owners profit Owner of the company At the end of the year Satisfaction provided to the owners and the sponsors of the project Owner Sponsor At the end of the year Satisfaction of the consumers Consumers At the end of the year Achievement of the purpose and the goal Stakeholders and the owner At the end of the month Specification should be meet Stakeholder and the team At the end of the weeks Functionality should be meet Stakeholder and the team At the end of the weeks Flexibility should be meet Stakeholder and the team At the end of the weeks Reliability should be meet Stakeholder and the team At the end of the weeks Maintainability should be meet Stakeholder and the team At the end of the weeks Security should be meet Stakeholder and the team At the end of the weeks Time, and cost Project team members At the end of the year Satisfaction of the project team Project team At the end of the year Profit received by the contractor Project Team At the end of the year Role of Risk manager: The risk manager is the person responsible for the identification and analysing the financial loss occurred of the organization. He makes use of cost effective opportunities for balancing the retention program of the enterprise. The preparation of budget and risk management programs is the key responsibilities of risk manager. He takes the step forward in allocating premium cost to the different departments of the organization. He also focuses on the reviewing of contracts, facilities, activities, and etc. associated with the implementation of the new program. The risk manager cover the areas related to market risks, operating risk, and credit risk. The functions which are associated with the risk manager are categorised as identification, diversification, quantization, concentration, analysing, hedge, allocation, leverage, response, insurance, and prevention. The risk manager focuses on handling of logical and systematic procedures used for identification, analysing, evaluation, and communication to handle risk associated with the activity going within the organization. The major concern of the risk manager is to identify the sources of risk associated with the project which can be due to commercial relationship, circumstances changes with the economic loss, prediction of change in employees working nature within the organization, political risk, issues related with trend and technology, management of flow of activities, and many others. The risk management program employed by the risk manager is to secure the success of the project and omission of the unknown or uncertain events to take place. Discussion: Risk Management process: The process of risk management is associated with the establishing of the context, identification of the risk, analysing of the risk, evaluation of the risk, treatment of the risk, monitoring and reviewing of the risk, and communication and consultation (Brown, 2011). The preparation of budget and risk management programs is the key responsibilities of risk manager. The risk management program is employed to secure the success of the project and omission of the unknown or uncertain events to take place. The risk management program can be efficient if it involves supporting organization factors, clarification for roles and responsibility (Christini, 2011), and skills associated with technical analysis of the project. The aim of the project risk management program is to minimize the losses and damages incurred with the project completion, reduction in the cost identified, controlling and minimizing the associated risk effects, and many others. The focus is to manage the performance ris k for the successful completion of the project. The following are the steps followed for overcoming the performance risk: Process of Risk Assessment: The process of risk assessment should be implemented before risk identification because it helps in exploring critical activities of the project which can be like services, failure of the power, resources, manpower, and many others. The risk assessment focuses on determining the estimation of qualitative and quantitative potential risk, evaluation of impact of these risks, scheduling the activities, and etc. (Thomsons, 2013). The table below shows the probability of the risk associated with the organization and its impact (source: Mohamed, N. 2009.Risk management in construction industry: A Case study. 1st ed.): Priority Probability of occurrence of risk Consequences Very Low Negligible to occur Negligible consequences Low Occasionally it occur Some impact on time, cost and quality Medium May or may not be occur Substantially get impact on time, cost, quality High Frequently occur Substantially get impact on time, cost, quality Very High Certainly it may occur It may threatens the project success Process of Risk Identification: This process focuses on identifying the potential risk associated with the project. The project manager knows about the risk associated with the project than he will be able to make more realistic strategies for the completion of the project successfully. Three techniques for the identification of risk are suggested by the Boyce which are categorized as brainstorming, interviewing, and Creation of risk database (Shacklett, 2015). The quality of the risk can be identified by the identification of the risk in the initial stage of the project, risk should be communicated properly, opportunities and threats should be considered, priority should be assigned to the risk, assessing of the risk, and developing the response associated with the risk. The identification of the risk includes handling of logical and systematic procedures used for identification, analysing, evaluation, and communication to handle risk associated with the activity going within the organization (Serpella, 2011). The table describes the work breakdown structure for identifying the risk (Source: Alfawaz, S. 2011.A review of risk management in construction: Opportunities for improvement. 1st ed.): Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Move the plan Technical Risk Cost associated Risk Scheduling Risk Client associated Risk Contract associated risk Finance and budget associated Risk Political Risk Environmental Risk Cultural Risk Potential Risk associated with the project. Process of Risk Mitigation: The process of risk identification and assessment plays the basis of risk mitigation (Reddy, 2012). The process of risk mitigation focuses on identifying the root cause of the identified risk. The second step it takes to evaluate the interaction of risk with other associated risk and their causes. The third step is to develop the alternative strategies for mitigating the risk. Fourth step focuses on priority given to the alternative chosen for mitigating the risk. Fifth step is the selection of resources for mitigating and overcoming the risk. The strategies which are used for mitigating the risk are categorised into four modules which are named as risk acceptance, risk avoidance, risk limitation, and risk transfer (Shankar, 2011). Process of Risk Monitoring and control: Risk monitoring and control is the on-going process of systematic tracking and evaluation of performance of mitigating the risk (Kang, 2013). It works on updating mitigation plan according to the change of requirement, making choice of alternative which is best suitable for overcoming the risk, and implementation of contingency plan. The table below shows how process of risk monitoring and control works (Source: Sibomana, A. 2015.Effects of risk management methods of project performance. 1st ed.): Input Process (Tools and techniques implemented) Output Plan for risk management Plan for risk response Communication within the project Identifying and analysing the additional risk Change of scope Response generated with project risk audits Review of periodic risk associated with the projects Analysis of earned value Measurement of technical performance Planning of response associated with additional risk. Plans for workaround Plans for corrective action Request for project risk Updating of the plan associated with the response to the risk Database for the risk Identification of the checklist Common Approaches to risk which are used in the construction industry: The details of some of the approach which are usually used for overcoming performance risks are Umbrella Approach is an approach in which large risk premium is added to the price (Sibomana, 2015). Ostrich Approach is an approach in which everything is treated as all right. Intuitive Approach is an approach in which the manager uses his own intuition. In this approach scientific analysis is not given much emphasis. Brute force Approach is an approach in which mainly emphasis on uncontrollable risk in order to control the risk. Analytical Approach is an approach which is mainly focuses on scientific methods used for analysis. Methods of minimization of the risk in construction industry of the Hong Kong: Minimization of the Performance risk can be done by focusing through the types of contracts, methods used for procurement analysis, legislation implemented on health and safety, legislation imposed on environment, and legislation imposed on employment. The project manager knows about the risk associated with the project than he will be able to make more realistic strategies for the completion of the project successfully. Risk is allocated in the organization in the series of step starting with condition of the contract, clauses of penalty, allowance provided on cost estimation, and charging of the insurance. The factors such as negligence to the supervision of the efficiency of the team, competence of the contractor, integrity of the project, and external influence over the working capability of the project will have the negative influence on the success of the project. The risks are transferred from client to contractors, passing of risk from contractor to subcontractor, and passing of risk between client, subcontractor, contractor, and insurer. Risk associated with the construction industry in Hong Kong: Rules listed for assessing the Performance risk: The process of identification of the Performance risk should be done in the initial stage of the project. Risk should be communicated properly. Opportunities and threats should be considered which are associated with the project. Priority should be assigned to the risk. Assessing of the risk associated with the project. The program should be used for developing the response associated with the risk. Risk is allocated in the organization in the series of step starting with condition of the contract, clauses of penalty, allowance provided on cost estimation, and charging of the insurance. Preventive measure should be developed for each individual risk. The Development of contingency plan should be done for individual risk. Registration of the project risk should be done according to the compatibility of the project. Tracking of risk and the task associated with the project. Conceptual Framework of the construction industry in Hong Kong: In the public construction industry of Hong Kong it has been seen that the success of the project depends on the goal of the project and its scope. The other major factors which play a crucial role in the success of the project are participation of the stakeholder, assessment of resources, and the management of the risk associated with the project. The project manager knows about the risk associated with the project than he will be able to make more realistic strategies for the completion of the project successfully (Villy, 2011). The committee which is responsible for decision making activity should focus on the analysis report of risk management and should give emphasis on overcoming procedure associated with the risk. The functions such as distribution of authority and responsibility, selection of the contractor, scheduling of the project, costing and budgeting and documentation of the project plays a key role in overcoming the risk attached with the implementation phase (Wang, 20 13). The factors such as negligence to the supervision of the efficiency of the team, competence of the contractor, integrity of the project, and external influence over the working capability of the project will have the negative influence on the success of the project. From the research and surveys, it has been seen that the partnership between public and private authority, finance initiative of private projects has the major impact on the construction industries in Hong Kong. Independent variables of the construction industry Intervening Variables of the construction industry Dependent Variable of the construction industry Planning of project risk Assessment of project risk Mitigation of the project risk Monitoring and control of project risk Measurement of project risk Size of the project Complexity of the project Skills of project managers Experience of project manager Indicator of project risk Budget Scope Schedule Quality Project value Recommendation: The study makes clear the concept of relationship between risk of the projects and the success of the project. It is highly recommended that when the planning of the construction project undergoes then the list of critical success factors and indicators should be highlighted. The risk management program is employed to secure the success of the project and omission of the unknown or uncertain events to take place. The focus should be given on identifying the risk and assessment of risk in every step of project development life cycle. The success of the project depends on the interlinking and the integration of the risk management process and the working practices in completion of the project. Conclusion: In this paper, we provide the brief study of issues occurred in the risk management in the project management program of the public construction industry of Hong Kong. In the given scenario, it has been seen that the partnership between public and private authority, finance initiative of private projects has the major impact on the construction industries in Hong Kong. The major concern is to identify the sources of risk associated with the project which can be due to commercial relationship, circumstances changes with the economic loss, prediction of change in employees working nature within the organization, political risk, issues related with trend and technology, management of flow of activities, and many others. From the research and literature review on the projects of construction industry in Hong Kong it has been seen that the success of the project depends on participants commitment towards the project functionality, competence of the owner and the contractor, and others. Th e process of risk management is associated with the establishing of the context, identification of the risk, analysing of the risk, evaluation of the risk, treatment of the risk, monitoring and reviewing of the risk, and communication and consultation. The identification of the risk includes handling of logical and systematic procedures used for identification, analysing, evaluation, and communication to handle risk associated with the activity going within the organization. The risk management program is employed to secure the success of the project and omission of the unknown or uncertain events to take place. The factors such as negligence to the supervision of the efficiency of the team, competence of the contractor, integrity of the project, and external influence over the working capability of the project will have the negative influence on the success of the project. Minimization of the risk can be done by focusing through the types of contracts, methods used for procurement analysis, legislation implemented on health and safety, legislation imposed on environment, and legislation imposed on employment. References: Mohamed, N. (2009).Risk management in construction industry: A Case study. 1st ed. 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Role of Technology in Service Delivery Australian Firms

Question: Discuss about the Role of Technology in Service Delivery for Australian Firms. Answer: Introduction Supply chain management is the coordination supply of activities and operations of a company with the aim of maximizing customer value for the purpose of maintaining a competitive edge (Handfield Nichols 2002). The concept has evolved with time. It has benefited from a number of innovations aimed at maximizing the customer value across the supply chain. It is no doubt that technology has increased profitability and efficiency in the entire supply chain. Even with the advancement in technology, there are still companies that lag behind; they have not adopted these technologies due to reasons that are hard to understand. Is it lack of awareness? Is it ignorance? If its none of these, then why have some of the companies not adopted the most efficient technologies available? When we talk of advanced technologies, which are they specifically? This article will explore some of the advanced technologies that can be used in supply chain management and their impact. Before dwelling on the to pic, it is imperative to explore the areas where Australian firms are facing challenges within their organizations to manage supply chains. Areas where Australian Businesses face Challenges in Supply Chain Management Businesses are currently facing several challenges due to the ever-changing technologies which make it vital for them to ensure they have the most recent and correct technology to cope with the ever-changing business world. Australian retail firms, for instance, have been facing a number of problems which can easily be solved with the adoption of the appropriate technologies. Maintaining consumer confidence, loyalty and coping with new technologies are some of the issues that Australian retailers face. After recovering from the global economic crisis, Australia's businesses are still confronted with a number of challenges to their operations. One of the key challenges facing retailers in Australia is the rising trend in online shopping, and especially gaining a competitive edge against foreign firms that are offering the same products at a lower price (Oakton 2017). According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics (2017), international retailers have 20% more advantage than domestic stores and enjoy an exemption of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) for items that are less than $1,000. Some domestic retailers have been in talks with the government to amend the legislation in order to reduce the disparity, but the outcome is uncertain. The solution is that businesses should adopt the new technologies and streamline their supply chain management operations. Another challenge is the adoption of a lean supply chain. Australia still lags behind in the implementation of just-in-time practices (World Economic Forum 2011). The just-in-time concept is a growing trend in the supply chain management operations. Firms have sought to enhance efficiency in their operations by implementing just-in-time techniques. The approach has not been fully implemented in Australia. Among other challenges that are related to technology, Australia's firms need to overcome them if they want to remain competitive in the global arena. So what are some of the technologies that apply to supply chain management? The next topic will explore some of the trending technologies in a bid to make business managers aware and how they can implement them. Examples of Advanced Technologies Blockchain Technology Blockchain technology is considered as a game changer in supply chain management. According to Popper and Lohr of the New York Times (2017, March 4), they described block chain as a key enabler of the efficient integration between parties in the global arena. IBM and WalMart have partnered to implement this technology which has been applied to track pork chops, shipping containers and footwear at an incredibly high speed and security that the current technologies do not offer (Handfield 2017). So what exactly is Blockchain technology? Blockchain technology simply means a method of bookkeeping that connects entries in such a way that one cannot easily modify them later (Blockchain Technologies 2016). It helps large groups of companies that are not related whatsoever, to keep their records of transactions in a more secure and reliable manner (Iansiti Lakhani 2017). So what are the implications of blockchain technology in the supply chain? According to Mitchell (2016), the implementation of blockchain technology will add value to the supply chain and eliminate redundant data maintenance activities in the supply chain. The technology enables users to access a wider and more universal sale or network that is accessible to any participant free of charge without membership fees (Mitchell 2016). In the shipping industry, for instance, it can reduce shipping delays due to the absence of paperwork which consumes a lot of time during container approvals. Blockchain technology helps in tracking all transactions in a secure and transparent manner. Imagine the opportunities it presents in the supply chain? The technology has the capability to document every single transaction and create a permanent history from the supplier to the manufacturer and all the way to the consumer. Loop (2017) notes that the technology enables easy recovery of stolen merchandise. Blockchain allows automatic verification of products authenticity after w hich it is activated in the system. Any stolen product along the supply chain can easily be traced through any particular transaction. The adoption of this technology will indeed revolutionize the supply chain operations. Internet of Things (IoT) Have you ever imagined all objects on earth communicating with each other? This may sound weird to you; if that is so then, you have never heard about Internet of Things (IoT). The IoT concept has different purposes in various industries. Sensing Enterprise (SE) is a concept that allows IoT to react to business stimuli that originate from the Internet. The fields have recently been subjects focus in businesses and evidence that such technologies can be used in the supply chain management exists. By definition, Internet of Things refers to a network of objects which is well equipped with RFID chips and such like technologies to allow objects to communicate and interact with one another (Corts, Boza, Prez, Cuenca 2015). It is a technology that is aimed at enhancing the forms of communication that currently exist. Currently, when we talk of Internet, we refer to a network tool that human beings access through devices. Communication is currently from human to human. Here comes IoT which would allow not only human to communicate through the Internet but also objects. The objects will be able to exchange information by themselves without human aid through the Internet. New forms of communications will, therefore, be created to include human-things and things-things (Tan, Koo 2014). Internet of Things is an evolution of the current Internet with the capability of collecting, analyzing, and distributing data that can be transformed into information and knowledge. One area in the supply chain management that will benefit from IoT is in-transit visibility (Shankar 2017). Since the logistics ecosystem comprises of many products and parts that are always in motion, an informed supply network is essential to track the whereabouts and specifications of a product. With the aid of GPS and RFID, IoT allows businesses to track the location and information about the product and sends the information all the way from the manufacturer to the consumer (Pettey 2015). The data obtai ned from the GPS and RFID technologies enables supply chain personnel to automate shipping and delivery by being able to determine the exact time a particular product may arrive. In addition to this, supply chain professionals can easily monitor vital parameters such as temperature control, which has a significant impact on the product quality in-transit. Additive manufacturing (3D Printing Technology) Additive manufacturing technologies, popularly known as 3D printing is whereby, materials are joined to make devices from 3D model data, by adding a layer on top of another layer (OPTOMEC 2017). Additive manufacturing is a technology that will revolutionize the 21st century and the centuries to come. It has applications in various industries. Imagine you are in a remote place, then a particular component of your vehicle breaks down; you probably end up wondering where you can get a replacement. With Additive Manufacturing, this can be possible by just printing the component using the 3D technology. The technology is already being used around the world and has changed the way companies design and manufacture their products. When correctly used, additive manufacturing can significantly save money and time. The question is how this technology applies to supply chain. Additive manufacturing will revolutionize the traditional way of manufacturing various products which involved cutting of objects and modelling the raw materials and forming the final product through a mold or die. 3D printing technology eliminates the necessity of having to manually assemble the expensive components to form a product. It provides freedom to change a product anytime anywhere and fast. It does not need highly skilled personnel to operate the machine since what you need to do is just pressing a machine and, voila, you get your product. As a result, supply chain operations will see a significant impact. Consider, for instance, where one would stock materials if production is to happen anywhere in the world, or how processes will be simplified if a component assembly is no longer necessary for manufacturing a product but the available raw materials can be changed into desired finished products. Birtchnell et al. (2013) note that additive manufacturing enables product customization which has a direct impact on downstream supply chains management sections like production and distribution. The customization offers unique specifications to customers, and their high involvement in the manufacturing of the product from the design and production operations will further provide flexibility to react to changes in the end user market. Janssen et al. (2014) state that the implementation of 3D printing by setting up local 3D printing hubs will significantly reduce the need for global transportation which will be made possible by replacing the physical flow of objects with a simple transfer of digital files. Additive manufacturing or 3D printing will have a significant impact on inventory by changing inventory mix which would, in turn, have long-term effects on supply chains. A closer look at additive manufacturing will show that the technology will significantly reduce manufacturing wa ste and improve environment advantage. The traditional manufacturing practices involve replacement of parts physically which involves scrapping away of some excess products components. This is not the case with 3D printing. The technology provides an environmental advantage in that; it reduces material usage across the supply chains. 3D printing allows the consolidation of parts into single components which enable the manufacturers to produce complex tooling sets, and thus; enabling firms to reduce supply chain complexity. This would transform the supply chain by making it more resilient against disruptions along the chains. AM or 3D printing will indeed change the global logistics since it replaces physical goods with digital files sharing. To make this more interesting, consider a customer who needs a particular low-demand service part who is in a hurry and cannot wait that long for all the processes of designing and fabrication to take place. If the dealer could just print what the customer needs in just a matter of seconds on the spot, how much do you think the customer would have saved? Cloud Computing IBM (n.d.) defines cloud computing as the process of delivering on-demand computing resources through the Internet on the basis of pay-for-use. This concept is rather old, and just in case you did not know, you are probably using cloud computing if you use the internet to send or receive emails, to stream videos online, or watch TV as well as storing and sharing files such as pictures and documents. Cloud computing is what makes all this possible. It is imperative to have a look at the activities in supply chain management that cloud computing can transform. Forecasting and Planning: Cloud computing helps organizations to improve their service delivery by effectively coordinating the supply chains across their networks or partners who play a crucial role in demand-forecasting. The cloud-based platforms can collect relevant information through the internet, and analyze the data that would enable accurate statistical demand forecasts for all the affected parties (Toka et al. 2013). This will eliminate the distortion of information across the supply chain. It will allow stakeholders to have accurate information about the actual demand volatility that they are supposed to meet. In a cloud computing platform, a customer can generate demand and send it to the distributor who would then send the same to the public cloud, enabling all the relevant parties in the supply chain to see it. Sourcing and Procurement: Sourcing involves acquiring, receiving and inspecting of materials and products coming from suppliers with the procurement processes in a bid to select the right vendor (Holger Klaus 2011). Cloud-based platforms provide a database that contains a variety of data about various suppliers, thus helping companies that deal with several suppliers. As a result, cloud computing enables organizations to select vendors based on how they beat deadlines and satisfaction of all the specifications provided. The tools of cloud computing technology help organizations and suppliers to easily manage their contracts. Other areas that cloud computing can be applied are logistics and service and spare parts management. It can be used in tracking operations and the management of parts in stores. The benefits of this technology are flexibility, visibility, cost-efficiency, scalability, and sustainability. Looking at all the technologies discussed, it is apparent that their applications economic, social and environmental impact. Impact of Adopting Advanced Technologies on Current Supply Chains On the economic aspect, the application of these advanced technologies will lead to more profits and fast growth. It can be seen that all the technologies help in minimizing time and material wastes. This would, in turn, translate to more profits and growth of GDP across the globe. Information sharing in companies is likely to become easy and more efficient. This will lead to more productivity by employees. A happy employee means more productivity. Partners and all stakeholders in a business need connectivity in order to realize better performance. Computers will soon take most of the jobs that are done by humans. For instance, an attendant at the shipment areas will be irrelevant to count the number of containers or vehicles approaching; this would be replaced by the Internet of Things.' Everything that touches our daily lives, including clothes, vehicles, foods, among others, will be connected to the IoT web and thus, physical contact will not be necessary. Everything will be fast and efficient. Imagine the world where you do not even have to go to appear to a doctor for diagnosis, all you need to do is just switch your computer on and, voila, your virtual doctor tells you everything you need to know; that is the world we are heading to. Environmental wastes and pollution will significantly be minimized because most of the operations will be virtual, no need for papers. How about our social life? Yes, people will be more connected; it will be like, you have the entire population of the world just next to you. Is that a good thing? The answer can be either yes or no depending on individuals perspective. I can say that people will be less social, physical meetings will be very minimal; people will spend more time with their electronic gadgets than with their peers, right from the workplace up to their homes. With that said, do you think its a good thing? Conclusion Advanced technology will help organizations improve supply chain management processes. Efficiency, reliability, flexibility, visibility, cost-efficiency, scalability and sustainability are what the advanced technology can offer in all the operations in supply chain management. Application of advanced technology in supply chain helps companies outperform their competitors by enabling an effective and efficient flow of products and services to customers. Blockchain and IoT technologies enable businesses to access more precise and accurate information about transactions and products which help in preventing the supply of unwanted materials, helps in tracking of goods to prevent fraud, and timely delivery of goods and services. To successfully apply a new advanced technology, supply chain professionals should understand what kind of technology system best fits their needs. List of References Australian Bureau of Statistics. 2017. 8501.0 - Retail Trade, Australia, Feb 2017 [Online]. Available at: https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/8501.0 Birtchnell, T., Urry, J., Cook, C., and Curry, A., 2013. Freight miles: the impact of 3D printing on transport and society Blockchain Technologies. 2016. Blockchain Technology Explained [Online]. Available at: https://www.blockchaintechnologies.com/blockchain-definition Corts, B., Boza, A., Prez, D. and Cuenca, L., 2015. Internet of Things Applications on Supply Chain Management. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Computer, Electrical, Automation, Control and Information Engineering, 9(12), pp.2449-2454. Handfield, R.B., Nichols, E.L. Jr. 2002. Supply chain redesign -transforming supply chains into integrated value systems. 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